The increased digitalization of cross-border mobility and international migration processes by more governments worldwide over the past two decades has paved the way for the use of Artificial Intelligence in border management, identity and security systems. Digital transformation has evolved to cover almost all areas of migration, identity and border management, such as data collection, visa application and processing systems, border management systems, identity and travel documents systems using biometrics, but also secondary inspection and decision-making process, background checks, fraud prevention, etc.

With governments focusing increasingly on contactless travelers’ experience following the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple innovations have already been deployed at airports to cover all stages of cross-border movement from pre-departure to exit. As airports and land border crossing points remain the key Points of Entry (PoEs) for a majority of travelers, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can reduce the waiting times or queuing but also ensure accurate processing of data and increased safety and security with an easier detection of high-risk travelers.

The use of AI can offer more effective and rapid processing of vast amounts of data and increase the capacities of the relevant authorities to identify and adequately respond to threats with greater efficacy. However, on the other hand, the are several challenges to this implementation, which include notably the setting up the appropriate legal frameworks and robust data protection system taking into account also ethical considerations, creating the appropriate level of skills and operational ownership of the tools, and also communicating with the general public and managing fears of privacy and human rights infringement.

In recent years, authorities particularly in the United States and the European Union have moved quickly to integrate “smart border” AI capabilities into their operations, heralding a potential game-changing moment for the ability of governments to streamline their operations and achieve the best results with optimal use of resources. Countries from the Gulf Cooperation Council have among the world’s best and most advanced technological solutions in place. A responsible increased use of AI means leveraging the potential and benefits of digitalization and automation, such as biometrics, blockchain and mobile applications, to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the immigration systems.

The aim of this study is therefore to take stock of the level of digitization of border control procedures in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with a focus on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, gather best practices as well as the current situation regarding the use of artificial intelligence and the opportunities for greater AI permeability throughout the entire immigration chain, from pre-departure to exit. The study will also identify the main challenges and resistance to the use of this technology, and make recommendations for overcoming them gradually at institutional, operational and technical level, taking into account the elements of public relations and communication.

• Deliverable of a coherent and realistic workplan, including methodology for the research to undertake.
• Good collaboration with the research team, especially the research expert assigned by NAUSS to the study.
• Timeliness of deliverables.
• Clear and reliable communication on progress and possible needs for adjustments foreseen.
• Well-structured research report including executive summary and conclusion with concrete recommendations for policy makers and practitioners on the topic.

• Fluency is English is required.
• Fluency in Arabic is a distinctive advantage.

Level of Education: Bachelor Degree

Work Hours: 8

Experience in Months: No requirements